| Species/Subspecies: | Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae | ||||||||
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| Category: | Causes hemolysis | ||||||||
| Etymology: | Genus name: ray rod. Species epithet: from pleuropneumonia (lung sac). | ||||||||
| Significance: | During the 1990th the desease has decreased in Sweden, but during the latest years, the disease has increased again. Acute cases are often fatal. [Very important] |
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| Alternative Species Name(s): | Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae | ||||||||
| Taxonomy: | Class Gammaproteobacteria Order Pasteurellales Family Pasteurellaceae Genus Actinobacillus |
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| Type Strain: | Shope 4074 = ATCC 27088 = CCUG 12837, 41656 och NCTC 12370. | ||||||||
| Macromorphology (smell):
| Grayish white colonies on chocolate agar, about 3 mm in diameter, most strains produce a thin zone of hemolysis on blood agar | ||||||||
| Micromorphology: | Small (0.3-0.5 x 0.6-1.4 µm) nonmotile coccoid or rod shaped cells, appears alone, in pairs or as short chains | ||||||||
| Gram +/Gram -: | G- | ||||||||
| Metabolism: | Facultatively anaerobic | ||||||||
| Catalase/Oxidase: | V/V | ||||||||
| Other Enzymes: | Esculinase -, ornithine decarboxylase -, tryptophanase -, urease + | ||||||||
| Biochemical Tests: | Hydrogen sulfide + | ||||||||
| Fermentation of carbohydrates: | D-glucose + lactose v maltose + L-rhamnose - sucrose + L-arabinose - cellobiose - D-mannitol + salicin - trehalose - glycerol - inulin - raffinose - D-sorbitol - starch ? |
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| Microbiological tests:
| X- and V-factor tests can be used to differentiate biotype I from biotyep II of A. pleuropneumoniae. | ||||||||
| Spec. Char.: | Most strains of A. pleuropneumoniae, biotype I require V-factor (NAD or NADPH) for growth, while strains of biotype II does not require this factor. | ||||||||
| Special Media: | |||||||||
| Disease: |
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| Genome Sequence: |
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| 16S rRNA Seq.: |
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| Taxonomy/phylogeny:
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About 18 species have been described within genus Actinobacillus, but the relationship between members within the closely related genera Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, Mannheimia and Pasteurella is very uncertain since none of these genera forms monophyletic clusters. | ||||||||
| Reference(s): | No. 13, 95, 110 | ||||||||
| Updated: | 2021-06-29 |